// Copyright IBM Corp. 2015, 2025
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

package hostvolumemanager

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sync"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog"
	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
	cstructs "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/client/structs"
	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/helper"
	"github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad/structs"
)

var (
	ErrPluginNotExists     = errors.New("no such plugin")
	ErrPluginNotExecutable = errors.New("plugin not executable")
	ErrVolumeNameExists    = errors.New("volume name already exists on this node")
)

// HostVolumeStateManager manages the lifecycle of volumes in client state.
type HostVolumeStateManager interface {
	PutDynamicHostVolume(*cstructs.HostVolumeState) error
	GetDynamicHostVolumes() ([]*cstructs.HostVolumeState, error)
	DeleteDynamicHostVolume(string) error
}

// Config is used to configure a HostVolumeManager.
type Config struct {
	// PluginDir is where external plugins may be found.
	PluginDir string

	// VolumesDir is where plugins should place the directory
	// that will later become a volume's HostPath
	VolumesDir string

	// NodePool is passed into external plugin execution environment.
	NodePool string

	// StateMgr manages client state to restore on agent restarts.
	StateMgr HostVolumeStateManager

	// UpdateNodeVols is run to update the node when a volume is created
	// or deleted.
	UpdateNodeVols HostVolumeNodeUpdater
}

// HostVolumeManager executes plugins, manages volume metadata in client state,
// and registers volumes with the client node.
type HostVolumeManager struct {
	pluginDir      string
	volumesDir     string
	nodePool       string
	stateMgr       HostVolumeStateManager
	updateNodeVols HostVolumeNodeUpdater
	builtIns       map[string]HostVolumePlugin
	locker         *volLocker
	log            hclog.Logger
}

// NewHostVolumeManager includes default builtin plugins.
func NewHostVolumeManager(logger hclog.Logger, config Config) *HostVolumeManager {
	logger = logger.Named("host_volume_manager")
	return &HostVolumeManager{
		pluginDir:      config.PluginDir,
		volumesDir:     config.VolumesDir,
		nodePool:       config.NodePool,
		stateMgr:       config.StateMgr,
		updateNodeVols: config.UpdateNodeVols,
		builtIns: map[string]HostVolumePlugin{
			HostVolumePluginMkdirID: &HostVolumePluginMkdir{
				ID:         HostVolumePluginMkdirID,
				VolumesDir: config.VolumesDir,
				log:        logger.With("plugin_id", HostVolumePluginMkdirID),
			},
		},
		locker: &volLocker{},
		log:    logger,
	}
}

// Create runs the appropriate plugin for the given request, saves the request
// to state, and updates the node with the volume.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) Create(ctx context.Context,
	req *cstructs.ClientHostVolumeCreateRequest) (*cstructs.ClientHostVolumeCreateResponse, error) {

	log := hvm.log.With("volume_name", req.Name, "volume_id", req.ID)

	plug, err := hvm.getPlugin(req.PluginID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// can't have two of the same volume name w/ different IDs per client node
	isNewVolume, err := hvm.locker.lock(req.Name, req.ID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	pluginResp, err := plug.Create(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		hvm.locker.release(req.Name)
		return nil, err
	}

	volState := &cstructs.HostVolumeState{
		ID:        req.ID,
		HostPath:  pluginResp.Path,
		CreateReq: req,
	}
	if err := hvm.stateMgr.PutDynamicHostVolume(volState); err != nil {
		// if we fail to write to state on initial create,
		// delete the volume so it isn't left lying around
		// without Nomad knowing about it.
		log.Error("failed to save volume in client state", "error", err)
		if isNewVolume {
			log.Error("initial create detected, running delete")
			delErr := plug.Delete(ctx, &cstructs.ClientHostVolumeDeleteRequest{
				ID:         req.ID,
				PluginID:   req.PluginID,
				NodeID:     req.NodeID,
				HostPath:   hvm.volumesDir,
				Parameters: req.Parameters,
			})
			if delErr != nil {
				log.Warn("error deleting volume after state store failure", "error", delErr)
				err = multierror.Append(err, delErr)
			}
			// free up the volume name whether delete succeeded or not.
			hvm.locker.release(req.Name)
		}
		return nil, err
	}

	hvm.updateNodeVols(req.Name, genVolConfig(req, pluginResp.Path))

	resp := &cstructs.ClientHostVolumeCreateResponse{
		VolumeName:    req.Name,
		VolumeID:      req.ID,
		HostPath:      pluginResp.Path,
		CapacityBytes: pluginResp.SizeBytes,
	}

	return resp, nil
}

// Register saves the request to state, and updates the node with the volume.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) Register(ctx context.Context,
	req *cstructs.ClientHostVolumeRegisterRequest) error {

	log := hvm.log.With("volume_name", req.Name, "volume_id", req.ID)

	// can't have two of the same volume name w/ different IDs per client node
	if _, err := hvm.locker.lock(req.Name, req.ID); err != nil {
		log.Error("duplicate volume name", "error", err)
		return err
	}

	_, err := os.Stat(req.HostPath)
	if err != nil {
		hvm.locker.release(req.Name)
		err = fmt.Errorf("could not verify host path for %q: %w", req.Name, err)
		log.Error("error registering volume", "error", err)
		return err
	}

	// generate a stub create request and plugin response for the fingerprint
	// and client state
	creq := &cstructs.ClientHostVolumeCreateRequest{
		ID:         req.ID,
		Name:       req.Name,
		NodeID:     req.NodeID,
		Parameters: req.Parameters,
	}
	volState := &cstructs.HostVolumeState{
		ID:        req.ID,
		CreateReq: creq,
		HostPath:  req.HostPath,
	}
	if err := hvm.stateMgr.PutDynamicHostVolume(volState); err != nil {
		log.Error("failed to save volume in state", "error", err)
		hvm.locker.release(req.Name)
		return err
	}

	hvm.updateNodeVols(req.Name, genVolConfig(creq, req.HostPath))
	return nil
}

// Delete runs the appropriate plugin for the given request, removes it from
// state, and updates the node to remove the volume.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) Delete(ctx context.Context,
	req *cstructs.ClientHostVolumeDeleteRequest) (*cstructs.ClientHostVolumeDeleteResponse, error) {

	if req.PluginID != "" {
		plug, err := hvm.getPlugin(req.PluginID)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		err = plug.Delete(ctx, req)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	if err := hvm.stateMgr.DeleteDynamicHostVolume(req.ID); err != nil {
		hvm.log.Error("failed to delete volume in state", "volume_id", req.ID, "error", err)
		return nil, err // bail so a user may retry
	}

	// free up volume name for reuse
	hvm.locker.release(req.Name)

	hvm.updateNodeVols(req.Name, nil)

	resp := &cstructs.ClientHostVolumeDeleteResponse{
		VolumeName: req.Name,
		VolumeID:   req.ID,
	}

	return resp, nil
}

// getPlugin finds either a built-in plugin or an external plugin.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) getPlugin(id string) (HostVolumePlugin, error) {
	if plug, ok := hvm.builtIns[id]; ok {
		return plug, nil
	}
	log := hvm.log.With("plugin_id", id)
	return NewHostVolumePluginExternal(log, hvm.pluginDir, id, hvm.volumesDir, hvm.nodePool)
}

// restoreFromState loads all volumes from client state and runs Create for
// each one, so volumes are restored upon agent restart or host reboot.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) restoreFromState(ctx context.Context) (VolumeMap, error) {
	vols, err := hvm.stateMgr.GetDynamicHostVolumes()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	volumes := make(VolumeMap)
	var mut sync.Mutex

	if len(vols) == 0 {
		return volumes, nil // nothing to do
	}

	group := multierror.Group{}
	for _, vol := range vols {
		group.Go(func() error {
			var volCfg *structs.ClientHostVolumeConfig
			var err error
			if vol.CreateReq.PluginID == "" {
				volCfg, err = hvm.restoreForRegister(vol)
			} else {
				volCfg, err = hvm.restoreForCreate(ctx, vol)
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			mut.Lock()
			volumes[vol.CreateReq.Name] = volCfg
			mut.Unlock()
			return nil
		})
	}
	mErr := group.Wait()
	return volumes, helper.FlattenMultierror(mErr.ErrorOrNil())
}

// restoreForCreate restores a single volume that was previously created by
// Create, by "recreating" the volumes. Plugins have the best knowledge of their
// side effects, and they must be idempotent.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) restoreForCreate(ctx context.Context, vol *cstructs.HostVolumeState) (*structs.ClientHostVolumeConfig, error) {
	// missing plugins with associated volumes in state are considered
	// client-stopping errors. they need to be fixed by cluster admins.
	plug, err := hvm.getPlugin(vol.CreateReq.PluginID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// lock the name so future creates can't produce duplicates.
	_, err = hvm.locker.lock(vol.CreateReq.Name, vol.CreateReq.ID)
	// state should never have duplicate vol names, and restore happens
	// prior to node registration, so new creates shouldn't come in
	// concurrently, but check for error just in case.
	if err != nil {
		hvm.log.Error("error during restore",
			"volume_name", vol.CreateReq.Name,
			"volume_id", vol.CreateReq.ID,
			"error", err)
		// don't stop the world if it does happen, because an admin
		// couldn't do anything about it short of wiping client state.
		return nil, nil
	}

	resp, err := plug.Create(ctx, vol.CreateReq)
	if err != nil {
		// plugin execution errors are only logged
		hvm.log.Error("failed to restore",
			"plugin_id", vol.CreateReq.PluginID, "volume_id", vol.ID, "error", err)
		return nil, nil
	}

	return genVolConfig(vol.CreateReq, resp.Path), nil
}

// restoreForRegister restores a single volume that was previously created by
// Register, by converting the stored struct. It otherwise behaves the same as
// restoreForCreate.
func (hvm *HostVolumeManager) restoreForRegister(vol *cstructs.HostVolumeState) (*structs.ClientHostVolumeConfig, error) {
	_, err := hvm.locker.lock(vol.CreateReq.Name, vol.CreateReq.ID)
	if err != nil {
		hvm.log.Error("error during restore",
			"volume_name", vol.CreateReq.Name,
			"volume_id", vol.CreateReq.ID,
			"error", err)
		return nil, nil
	}

	_, err = os.Stat(vol.HostPath)
	if err != nil {
		hvm.log.Error("failed to restore: could not verify host path",
			"volume_id", vol.ID, "error", err, "path", vol.HostPath)
		return nil, nil
	}

	return genVolConfig(vol.CreateReq, vol.HostPath), nil
}

// genVolConfig generates the host volume config for the node to report as
// available to the servers for job scheduling.
func genVolConfig(req *cstructs.ClientHostVolumeCreateRequest, hostPath string) *structs.ClientHostVolumeConfig {
	return &structs.ClientHostVolumeConfig{
		Name: req.Name,
		ID:   req.ID,
		Path: hostPath,

		// dynamic volumes, like CSI, have more robust `capabilities`,
		// so we always set ReadOnly to false, and let the scheduler
		// decide when to ignore this and check capabilities instead.
		ReadOnly: false,
	}
}

// volLocker is used to ensure that volumes on each node are unique by name.
// The volume scheduler will prevent this too, but only after node fingerprint,
// so we need to protect against concurrent duplicate creates.
type volLocker struct {
	locks sync.Map
}

// lock the provided name, return true if it was not already locked,
// and error if it was already locked with a different ID.
func (l *volLocker) lock(name, id string) (bool, error) {
	current, exists := l.locks.LoadOrStore(name, id)
	if exists && id != current.(string) {
		return false, ErrVolumeNameExists
	}
	return !exists, nil
}

func (l *volLocker) release(name string) {
	l.locks.Delete(name)
}

func (l *volLocker) isLocked(name string) bool {
	_, locked := l.locks.Load(name)
	return locked
}